Commons:Поріг оригінальності
Shortcuts: COM:TO • COM:TOO • COM:THRESHOLD
The threshold of originality is a concept in copyright law that is used to assess whether or not a particular work, or a portion of it, can be copyrighted. It is used to distinguish works that are sufficiently original to warrant copyright protection from those that are not. In this context, "originality" refers to "coming from someone as the originator/author" (insofar as it somehow reflects the author's personality), rather than "never having occurred or existed before" (which would amount to the protection of something new, as in patent protection).
As a rule, copyright applies to a work as a whole. If a work contains a portion that is complex enough to receive copyright protection, then the whole work is considered to be copyrighted. One cannot upload said work to Commons by applying de minimis to the non-trivial portion.
The remainder of this page discusses images judged ineligible for copyright protection by a court or similar authority. It is usually impossible to determine whether a specific image is within the threshold of originality without a judicial decision. However, per precautionary principle, the image should be deleted if there is significant doubt that the image is not copyrighted.
For further information, see Threshold of originality on Wikipedia.
Map
United States
COM:TOO United States
Сполучені Штати Америки
Civil law countries
Civil law countries usually require a relatively high minimum level of intellectual creativity which will exclude typical signatures and simple logos from copyright protection. However, this does not apply to all such countries. For example, Austria and China are both known to have a relatively low threshold of originality, while a few simple logos from the Philippines gained copyright registrations from the country's Intellectual Property Office.
If you are aware of specific case law or legal advice on this issue in any country, please add a "Threshold of originality" section to the appropriate Вікісховища:Правила авторського права за територією country subpage, and add a link to it with an entry below.
COM:TOO Afghanistan
Афганістан
No information available
COM:TOO Austria
Австрія
No information available
COM:TOO Brazil
Бразилія
No information available
COM:TOO Czech Republic
Чехія
No information available
COM:TOO Chile
Чилі
No information available
COM:TOO China
Китай
No information available
COM:TOO Denmark
Данія
No information available
COM:TOO Finland
Фінляндія
No information available
COM:TOO France
Франція
No information available
COM:TOO Germany
Німеччина
No information available
COM:TOO Greece
Греція
No information available
COM:TOO Hungary
Угорщина
No information available
COM:TOO Indonesia
Індонезія
No information available
COM:TOO Iran
Іран
No information available
COM:TOO Italy
Італія
No information available
COM:TOO Japan
Японія
No information available
COM:TOO Libya
Лівія
No information available
COM:TOO Luxembourg
Люксембург
No information available
COM:TOO Mexico
Мексика
No information available
COM:TOO Netherlands
Нідерланди
No information available
COM:TOO Norway
Норвегія
No information available
COM:TOO Peru
Перу
No information available
COM:TOO Philippines
Філіппіни
No information available
COM:TOO Poland
Польща
No information available
COM:TOO Portugal
Португалія
No information available
COM:TOO Russia
Росія
No information available
COM:TOO Senegal
Сенегал
No information available
COM:TOO Slovenia
Словенія
No information available
COM:TOO South Korea
Південна Корея
No information available
COM:TOO Spain
Іспанія
No information available
COM:TOO Sweden
Швеція
No information available
COM:TOO Switzerland
Швейцарія
No information available
COM:TOO Taiwan
Республіка Китай
No information available
COM:TOO Turkey
Туреччина
No information available
Common law countries
See also: Commons:When to use the PD-signature tag#Common law countries та #Lower threshold in United Kingdom etc.. Common law countries typically use a "skill and labour" test to determine the minimum level of originality capable of attracting copyright protection. The required level is extremely low in some countries such as Australia and the United Kingdom. However, Canada and India are major two exceptions. Without some research into individual laws, it cannot be assumed that a text logo from a Common law country is necessarily allowed on Commons. If there is real doubt about the position a local court would take, then the image must be deleted under the precautionary principle.
If the logo is extremely simple (e.g. in a standard font), it will not be eligible for copyright even in Common law countries.
If you are aware of specific case law or legal advice on this issue in any country, please add a "Threshold of originality" section to the appropriate Commons:Copyright rules by territory country subpage, and add a link to it with an entry below.
COM:TOO Australia
Австралія
No information available
COM:TOO Canada
Канада
No information available
COM:TOO Hong Kong
Гонконг
No information available
COM:TOO India
Індія
No information available
COM:TOO Ireland
Ірландія
No information available
COM:TOO Israel
Ізраїль
No information available
COM:TOO Malaysia
Малайзія
No information available
COM:TOO Nigeria
Нігерія
No information available
COM:TOO New Zealand
Нова Зеландія
No information available
COM:TOO Singapore
Сінгапур
No information available
COM:TOO United Kingdom
Велика Британія
No information available
Logos and flags
- The logos in these images may *not* be eligible for copyright protection
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claimed not to reach the threshold
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claimed not to reach the threshold
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.svg/120px-Dow_Wolff_Cellulosics_(DOW).svg.png)
(DR)
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(DR) "PD text logo -- no question"
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(Australian company logo DR) "PD-textlogo"
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(Canada company logo DR) "PD-textlogo"
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(DR)
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(DR)
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(DR)
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.svg/120px-Google_Chrome_icon_and_wordmark_(2011).svg.png)
(DR)
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.svg/120px-Logo_of_the_LG_Corporation_(1995-2008).svg.png)
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=icon}
.svg)
- File:Hercules 1998 Intertitle.png originally "background isn't elaborate or eligible for any type of copyright" (decided here in 2010), deleted in 2012 as "shows artistry beyond the TOO".
Architecture
Images which have been kept because of lack of originality or de minimis:
Note that some of these decisions were controversial.
Photographs
Photographs which have been deemed ineligible for copyright protection:
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(DR) Photograph of a three-dimensional object (drawer pull) with bevels and cast shadows
Maps
Maps which have been deemed ineligible for copyright protection:
Darden v. Peters: the addition of "font and color selection; visual effects such as relief, shadowing, and shading; labeling; call-outs" and anti-aliasing to a preexisting map is below the threshold of originality
Use: {{PD-map}}. See the section farther down on partial copying or cropping of uncopyrightable elements from copyrighted works.
See also:
- Commons:Map resources and its sections on public domain maps on the web.
- Open.Michigan Wiki. Casebook archive on "whether or not the content object is protected by US Copyright law.". Opening in the maps section. Data-driven maps in particular are in the public domain. The map represents data. All choices made in the creation of the map being based upon utilitarian and informational considerations. See also: Commons talk:Threshold of originality#Casebook. More locations. See this University of Michigan Casebook archive here. It loads much faster than the Casebook at archive.org.
- Public domain maps. From: Public Domain Sherpa. A copyright and trademark lawyer.
- Category:PD map
Charts
Charts which have been deemed ineligible for copyright protection. Use: {{PD-chart}}. See the section farther down on partial copying or cropping of uncopyrightable elements from copyrighted works. See also:
- Commons:Chart and graph resources and its section on public domain charts on the web.
- Open.Michigan Wiki. Casebook archive on "whether or not the content object is protected by US Copyright law.". Opening in the charts section. See also: Commons talk:Threshold of originality#Casebook. More locations. See this University of Michigan Casebook archive here. It loads much faster than the Casebook at archive.org.
- Category:PD chart
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See discussion.
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See the info in the author section of the file description.
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See the deletion discussion, and this discussion.
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See the deletion discussion.
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See the deletion discussion.
.svg){kind=link}
Partial copying or cropping of copyrighted works
When a file copies only part of a copyrighted work, that file's copyright status is determined only by what it has copied. If it only copied uncopyrightable elements, then the file is also uncopyrightable. In other words, we judge the copyright status of a file only by what the file itself contains, not by the status of other content the original source contained that was not copied by the file.
 OK |
 |
This image of the front cover of a novel is public domain in the USA because it only copies uncopyrightable text, not copyrightable contents of the book itself or possibly-copyrightable contents of the back cover. (DR) It would probably not be PD in UK because of the UK's publisher's 25 year copyright on typography, except for the fact that this typographical arrangement was published over 25 years ago. |
Lower threshold in United Kingdom etc.
- File:BBC.svg and many associated variants for BBC divisions were kept, because they only contain Gill Sans, which is an old, standard font.
See Commons:Deletion requests/File:BBC.svg. - File:Clerical Medical.png (uploaded as non-free content (fair use) on en.wikipedia.org)
See Commons:Deletion requests/File:Clerical Medical.png (with reasoning of the EDGE logo).
See also
- {{Licensed-TOO}} template for formatting and internationalization of licenses of TOO images
- Вікісховище:Правила копірайту за темами
- Category:Threshold of originality related deletion requests
- Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag - on the level of originality needed for a scan of a work to generate a copyright independent of the work
- Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag - on the level of originality needed for a photo of a work to generate a copyright independent of the work
- meta:Wikilegal/Copyright threshold of originality for logos
- Category: PD-ineligible license tags
- Category: PD ineligible
- Commons:Chart and graph resources. Including other public domain resources.
- Commons:Map resources. Including other public domain resources.
References
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For more complete, working references see Вікісховища:Правила авторського права за територією and the individual countries and territories:
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